Boiler construction



April 10, 1928. v

F. D. SCHNEIDER ET AL BOILER CONSTRUCTION 3 Sheets-Sheet l IMO #5195527 J 0 116 Filed Jan. 12, 1924 by Wye/rail;

3 Sheets-Sheet 2 5 2 M 5 Z W 2 2 Wm 9 2 6 Y V 5% 0) M g j 5 Q i 9 9 5 2 A i E m 1 April 10, 1928.

F. D. SCHNEIDER ET AL BOILER CONSTRUCTION Filed Jan. 12, 1924 April 10, 19230 7 1,665,608

F. D. SCHNEIDER ET'AL BOILER CONSTRUCTION Filed Jan. 12, 1924 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 H6. W/li 621,540 of 1899,. Patterson No. 674,305 of Patented Apr. 10, 1928.

UNITED STATES I I 1,665,608 PATENT OFFICE.

FREDERICK D. SCHNEIDER, OF HILLSIDE AND HERBERT J. LONG, OF NEW BRUNSWICK, NEW JERSEY.

BOILER CONSTRUCTION.

Application filed January 12, 1924. Serial No. 685,909.

Our invention relates to a boiler and the method of manufacturing and more par-f ticularly pertams to a constructlon COTIIPI'ISP ing, preferably and asiexem'plified by the drawings, a copper cylimh'icalsurface carryin at its ends cast metal heads.

We are well acquainted withthe highly intensified development of this art as evidenced by our familiarity with the following list of patents; Wilson et al. No. 24772 of 1859, British Cope No. 2429 of 1860, Bruson No. 132,895 of 1872, Scaife No. 6,391 of" 1875, Budke No. 192,358 of 1877 Caird. No. 473,495 66 1892, BOOtll NO. 516,073 of 1894., Trust No. 532,117 of 1895, Reynolds No.

1901, McSheri-y No. 690,312 of 1901, British LeFebvre No. 8440 of 1906, Hardie No. 8 1 1,375 of 1906, Hardie No. 826,847 of 1906, Stollberg No. 880.834 of 1906, Reynolds No. 881,951 of 1908, Young No. 891,895 of 1908 and Draper No. 1,125,011 of 1915.

"What is known as a copper boiler has many generally acknowledged advantages over iron. boilers which we have long used in our business, butthe manufacturers of copper boilers have been confronted with many difficulties, their cost has been dispro portionately high and many have proven unsatisfactory. After considerable experiment we have successfully solved the problem. Previous copper boiler constructions included one in which the heads were spun to shape and then threaded spuds for suitable pipe connections were screwed and soldered into place, however, the spuds were rarely set truly in consequence of which the pipes were not straight orparallel, moreover, the bottom head had to be PIOVILlBd with a large tapped hole to perinlt the insertion of riveting tools for effecting connection between the ends of cylindrical section and the heads, after which a reducing bushinghadto be screwed into the large hole to bring it to its required size. Anotherearlier type of copper boiler included top and bottom halves each drawn-as one piece but these were very expensive and did not avoid the trouble from disalined or non-parallel pipe hole fittings.

One object of our invention was the pro- Vision of cast heads which would make possible the machining and tapping of parallel holes which would reliably maintain such relationship, but we learned that the heads tended to belly-out under test pressure with c under expectable or required pressure. In

consequence of the bellying-out of the head as a bending action, and the attendant withdrawal of the outer surface of the outwardly projecting collar from the shell a leak oc. curred at the seam therebetween because of the deforn'nition and dislocation of one or both of the parts. The heads should be of spherical conformation, the radius of spherical curvature being determined by a standard formula according to the diameter of the head. We have also learned by experiment that copper shells cannot successfully have their seams welded because the welding heat weakens the copper to such a great eX- tent. Cylindrical copper shells have been marketed with brazed seams, but the heat of brazing annealsthe copper necessitating that the shell be subsequently hardened by a. proc ess of rolling, which however, never brings a it back to its original toughness. We rivet our shell seam and at a subsequent stage of manufacture cover the rivets interiorly with solder. One of the prime features of our construction, which demonstrates progress from failure to success, is the provision of an inwardly pro ecting collar, that is to say,

a collar extended from its circular line of junction with the head in a direction toward themiddle of the boiler. We have discovered that the length of this additional inwardly projecting collar should vary according to the diameter of the shell, being longer in proportion as the diameter of the shell increases. Pressure against the heads increases very rapidly as the diameter of the head increases. The thickness of the metal parts particularly the thickness of the in wardly projecting collar maylikewise vary by being increased for the larger sizes.

The manufacturing procedure which we have adopted, or the series of steps in the method of assembly is as follows: i

We first rivet the overlapping longitudinal shell seam, next turn an inwardly projecting head on the shell near each end for the lower edge of the inwardly projecting collar to rest on, then tap holes in suitable I i surfaces of the outwardly projecting collar and bent extremity of the shell with solder.

Adverting to the drawings:

Figure l is a diametrical section of one end of an experimental boiler construction which we discovered to be unsatis'lactory.

Figure ll is a corresponding view of the construction shown in Figure I after being subjected to a test pressure.

Figure ill: is a diametrical section of one end of another experimental boiler construc tion which also proved to be unsatisfactory.

Figure IV is a corresponding view of the construction shown in Figure ill after being subjected to a test pressure.

Figure V is a longitudinal sectional view of a boiler embodying our invention.

Figure Vl: is an interior plan view of the boiler head shown in Figure VH is a diamet lcal section of one end of a simplified modification of our invention.

Figure Vlll is a plan view of the inner side of the boiler head shown .inFigure Vll In attaining a successful development of a copper boiler, we first held in mind the desirability of having the holes, usually tapped so as to be suitable for pipe connec-- tions, reliably straight and parallel, and accordingly, proposed the use of cast heads which could be accurately fashioned with tapped holes having the desired relatioinship with respect to each other. l Ve early tried a construction such as shown in Figure I wherein a cylindrical copper shell 1 had fitted into each end a cast head 2 provided with an exteriorly projecting collar 3 of the chime wall type around which the annular end i; of the shell was clenched. l Vhcu test pressure was applied the head bellied out as shown in Figure H to cause a distortion of it as well as a dislocation of the collar 3 and of course resultant leakage,

We also experimented with a constructiim such as shown in Figure Ill wherein a head 5 of relatively concave curvature was set in one end of a shell 6 and was likewise fashioned around its rim with an outwardly pro ecting collar 7 around which the extremity 8 of the shell was clenched. Test pressure likewise caused a bellying-out of the central port-ion of the head after the manof the construction shown in Figures V and VI, characterized by the provision around the rims thereof of what may be termed a duplex collar or else regarded as a collar projecting in opposite directions from its line of junction with the head. For larger sizes of boiler we have thought it additionally expedient to reenforce the head on its inside with ribs which would exert a direct thrust against the additional and supposedly new collar formation which projects toward the middle of the boiler, and have therefore shown such rims in our technically preferred embodiment. l'lowever, it is to be clearly understood that we have manufactured and successfully used heads as disclosed in the simplified modification of Figures VII and VIII .in boilers having diameters of twelve, torn-teen and sixteen inches where they have withstood a three luindr-ed pound pressure. It is established that boiler heads should preferably have a spherical surface conformation and our heads have it. l/Vhere the spherical surface terminates, that is to say. at the circular lines of junction therewith of our collar fornnition the latter has a general cylindrical shape, or in other words, neither the inwardly or outwardly projecting PO)"- tions of the collar construction are continuations of the spherical curvature. Instead of having the annular corner between a head and its peripheral outwardly projecting collar rest upon an inwardly turned head of the shell, we have the extremity of our in,- wardly projecting collar rest upon such head. The provision of the additional inwardly projecting collar which conforms to the inside of the shell interiorly of the completed boiler is, we are convinced, the step from failure to success The inwardly projccting collar on the head or that one which extends toward the middle of the boiler is therefore a feature of our invention known to have decided value by constituting a. reenforcing element for resisting any tendency on the part of the middle of the head to defleet outwardly. A ring being the strongest form for subjection both to tension and compression is a factor which contributes to the desired realization.

A copper blank is rolled to form a cylindrical shell 9 having two longitudinally extei'iding edge portions 10 and 11 lapped, the latter upon the former, and secured together by a row of rivets 12 as clearly shown in Figure VI. ,At a later stage of the manufacturing procedure the rivets 12 will be interiorly coated with solder 13 whereby to of feet a sealed closure at the lapped seam. A pair of inwardly projecting beads 14lare then turned around the shell corresponding distances from and rather near opposite ends thereof as may be seen upon scrutiny of bronze alloy conforming generally .to. a spherical surface is adapted for snug insertion in the endof the shell The head 15 is provided with three outwardly projecting bosses .16, 17 and 18 Which are fashioned withtapped holes 19, 20 and 21 respectively,

and with which suitably threaded pipe coir' nections' may be made. Merging integrally with the annular rim or border of the spherically shaped central portions of the head 15 We provide what may be described as a duplex collar composed of an outwardly projecting collar 22 and an inwardly projecting collar 23 the outer lateral surfaces of both being machined at 24 to conform to a. cylindrical surface of the same size as the interior cylindrical surface of the shell 9. The head 15 is inserted so that the inner annular edge 25 of the collar rests against one of the beads 14. In this way the head may be accurately positioned preparatory to further interlocking its connection with the shell by clenching the end 27 of the shell 9 around the collar 22 and against the concave and preferably machined surface 26 thereof. Thereafter, the corners on the outside of the head between the outer surface of its body and the concave surfaces of both the collar 22 and the end 27 are filled with solder 28 which will serve to both seal and reenforce.

For certain larger diainetrical sizes of boiler we provide heads fashioned interiorly with a central boss 29 from which a series of ribs or Webs 30 extend radially outward whereby to provide an additional reenforc ready been described, that the rivets 12 may be interiorly covered with the solder 13, following which, another head 81, provided with two tapped bosses 32 and 33, is similarly inserted and interlocked With the opposite end of the shell 9 as disclosed in Figure V.

The modification shown on Sheet 3 is solely a simplification of the construction of the heads by the ommission of the reenforcing ribs on the inside. Such a head 34 including the inwardly projecting collar 35 has Jroven satisfactory for the smaller sizes of oiler which We have manufactured and used.

W e claim 1. Aboiler comprising a cylindrical section, and heads each provided with annular projections extending in opposite directions,

the ends of said section being interlocked with said heads respectively;

2. In a boiler construction the combination with a cylindrical section, of a spherically shaped head having its circular edge extended in opposite directions to form an annular rim having two free edges, the end of said section being clenched aroundone end of said head so that its other edge is positioned interiorly of said section.

3.111 a boiler construction the combina-' tion with a cylindrical. copper section, of concavo-convex cast metal head having its circular extremity located within and pro jecting in opposite directions longitudinally of said cylindrical section, theconfining end.

which consists in bending a blank tocylin drical form, overlapping the longitudinal.

edges of said blank, riveting them together, :titting a doubly flanged head in the enld of said cylinder, and then clenching the end of the cylinder around a flange ot said head so that the other flange of said head conforms to and extends along an interior por-- tion of said cylinder.

5. In a boiler, the combination of a cylindrical copper shell fashioned with an in wardly projecting bead, and a rigid cast metal head bordered by a collar adapted to lit in one end of said. shell and extending toward the opposite end of the shell when fitted therein, the extremity of said collar resting against said head, the extremity of said shell being clenched over the outside of said head.

drical shell fashioned with an annular inwardly projecting bead, and a head bordered by a duplex collar projecting in opposite longitudinal directions and adapted to lit in one end of saidshell, one extremity of said collar resting against said annular bead, the extremity of said shell being clenched around the other projecting extremity of said collar.

7. A boiler comprising the combination of a cylindrical copper shell, cast metal heads each embracing a spherical surface and each fashioned on its annular edge as a collar projecting in opposite longitudinal directions from its circular'line of junction with the body of its head, the outside surface of said collars beingcylindrical and fitted in opposite ends of said shell, the extremities of saidshell being clenched around remote edges of said collars for securing said shell and heads together.

8. In a' boiler construction the combina tion with a cylindrical section, of a spherically shaped head having its circular edge pro ected in opposite directions to form an annular rim having two free edges, the cylindrical outer surface ofsaid rim being disposed within said section and the two free edges of said rim being interlocked with with inward projections partially confining said flanges respectively.

10. In a boiler an annular head provided with a pair of peripheral flanges projecting inv opposite directions Within the mean cylindrical plane of said periphery, and a cylinQ drical body portion :l'ashioned near one end with inward projections, one of said projections abutting the extremity of each ofsaid flanges.

11. In a boiler, an open shell, a head bordered by a chime collar and a thickened section of junction of said head and collar and also bordered by a collar projectingfrom said junction section in an opposite direction with respect to said chime collar, one

memos.

end of said shell embracing both of said head collars fashioned with a bent portion abutting an edge of one of said collars.

12. In a boiler, an open cylindrical shell a circular cast metal head bordered by oppositely projecting collar sections toget'liei. defined by a cylindrical surface, the extensive cylindrical surface outwardly defining said collar sections being machined and adapted for a. pressed. fit in the open end of said shell and means for securing the parts in position.

Signed by us, this 20th day of December, 1923.

HERBERT J. LONG. FREDERICK D. SCHNEIDER. 

